Traditional machining methods (ordinary machining) are the same as precision and ultra precision machining methods. With the adoption of new technology, new process, new equipment and new testing technology and instruments, its machining accuracy is constantly improving< br />
The continuous improvement of machining accuracy reflects the development trend of material segmentation level from macro to micro world. With the progress of time, the machining accuracy originally thought to be difficult to achieve will become relatively easy. Therefore, ordinary machining, precision machining and ultra precision machining are only a relative concept? The boundaries between them change over time. The typical representative of precision cutting and ultra precision machining is diamond cutting< br />
Take diamond cutting as an example. The arc radius of its cutting edge has been developing in a smaller direction. Because its size directly affects the roughness of the machined surface and is directly related to the reflectivity of the optical mirror, the requirement for the reflectivity of instruments and equipment is higher and higher. For example, the reflectivity of laser gyro mirror has been proposed to reach 99.99%, which inevitably requires diamond tools to be sharper. In order to carry out the extremely thin cutting test, the goal is to achieve the chip thickness of nm, and the arc radius of the tool edge should approach 2.4nm. In order to achieve this height, the diamond grinder has changed the traditional structure. The spindle bearing adopts air bearing as the support, and the end face runout of the grinding disc can be corrected on the machine tool to control its end face runout at 0.5-mu; Below M< br />
In terms of cutting tools, diamond grinding wheel is used to control the back draft and feed. On the ultra precision grinder, ductile grinding can be carried out, that is, nano grinding. Optical mirrors can be obtained even on the surface of glass. 2 development trend of precision machining and ultra precision machining from the perspective of long-term development, manufacturing technology is the main direction and strategic decision of developing the national economy of all countries in the world. It is not only one of the important means of a country's economic development, but also a long-term plan of a country's independence, prosperity, sustained and stable economic development and leading science and technology. The development of science and technology also puts forward higher requirements for precision machining and ultra precision machining technology. From the lens of celestial telescope to the linewidth of large-scale integrated circuit μ The highest dimensional accuracy of micro engineering and micro nano mechanical parts, regardless of volume, is close to nano; The shape of parts is becoming more and more complex, and various aspherical surfaces are very typical geometric shapes at present. Micromachining technology brings a new trend to ultra precision manufacturing technology? Its fineness makes the traditional manufacturing technology face a new challenge, promotes the improvement of the technical performance of various products, presents a spiral circular development in the development process, and directly contributes to the progress of science and technology and human civilization. The pursuit of high quality, miniaturization, high reliability and high performance of products has led to the rapid development of ultra precision machining technology, which has become an important part of modern manufacturing industry